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European migrant crisis
The European migrant crisis or European refugee crisis of 2015 arose through the rising number of refugees and migrants〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.unhcr.org/55df0e556.html )"The majority of people arriving this year in Italy and Greece especially have been from countries mired in war or which otherwise are considered to be 'refugee-producing' and for whom international protection is needed. However, a smaller proportion is from elsewhere, and for many of these individuals, the term 'migrant' would be correct."〕 going to Europe, across the Mediterranean Sea, or through Southeast Europe, and applying for asylum. They come from areas such as the Middle East (Syria, Iraq), Africa (Eritrea, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, Gambia), South-Central Asia (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh),〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.cfr.org/migration/europes-migration-crisis/p32874 )〕 and the Western Balkans (Serbia, Kosovo, Albania).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Migrant crisis: Explaining the exodus from the Balkans )〕 According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, as of November 2015, the top three nationalities of the over half a million Mediterranean Sea arrivals since the beginning of the year are Syrian (52%), Afghan (19%) and Iraqi (6%). Most of the refugees and migrants are adult men (65%). The phrases "European migrant crisis" and "European refugee crisis" became widely used in April 2015,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Europe migrant crisis )〕 when five boats carrying almost two thousand migrants to Europe sank in the Mediterranean Sea, with a combined death toll estimated at more than 1,200 people.
The shipwrecks took place in a context of ongoing conflicts and refugee crises in several Middle Eastern and African countries, which brought the total number of forcibly displaced people worldwide at the end of 2014 to almost 60 million, the highest level since World War II.〔 Amid an upsurge in the number of sea arrivals in Italy from Libya in 2014, several European Union governments refused to fund the Italian-run rescue option Operation Mare Nostrum, which was replaced by Frontex's Operation Triton in November 2014. In the first six months of 2015, Greece overtook Italy as the first EU country of arrival, becoming, in the summer 2015, the starting point of a flow of refugees and migrants moving through Western Balkans countries to northern European countries, mainly Germany. Since April 2015, the European Union has struggled to cope with the crisis, increasing funding for border patrol operations in the Mediterranean, devising plans to fight migrant smuggling, launching Operation Sophia and proposing a new quota system to relocate and resettle asylum seekers among EU states and alleviate the burden on countries on the external borders of the Union. Individual countries have at times reintroduced border controls within the Schengen Area, and rifts have emerged between countries willing to accept asylum seekers and others trying to discourage their arrival.
According to Eurostat, EU member states received 626,000 asylum applications in 2014, the highest number since the 672,000 applications received in 1992,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_statistics )〕 and granted protection status to more than 185,000 asylum seekers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/6827382/3-12052015-AP-EN.pdf/6733f080-c072-4bf5-91fc-f591abf28176 )〕 Four states – Germany, Sweden, Italy, and France – received around two-thirds of the EU's asylum applications and granted almost two-thirds of protection status in 2014; while Sweden, Hungary, and Austria were among the top recipients of EU asylum applications per capita.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=euronews – Data raises questions over EU's attitude towards asylum seekers )〕 In the first half of 2015, EU member states received 395,000 new asylum applications.〔〔
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「European migrant crisis」の詳細全文を読む
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